What is 3D GIS?

3D GIS extends traditional maps with height, depth, and volumetric objects. Instead of flat polygons on a map, buildings, terrain, tunnels, and infrastructure are shown and analyzed as three-dimensional models.

Applications include urban visualization, viewshed analysis, flood modeling, and integrating BIM with map data. Elevation models (DEM/DTM) and point clouds (LiDAR) often form the base; BAG buildings and BGT objects can be extruded into 3D scenes.

3D GIS does not replace 2D analysis: much spatial decision-making still relies on flat maps. It adds insight where height and volume matter, for example in environmental planning or urban asset management.