GeoTIFF
GeoTIFF is the standard open raster format with embedded georeference: coordinates, CRS, and often resolution in TIFF metadata. Orthophotos, DEMs, and satellite images are often delivered or downloaded as GeoTIFF via PDOK.
In workflows you import GeoTIFF in QGIS or publish via GeoServer/MapServices as WMS. GeoApps displays GeoTIFF-hosted layers via WMS; large files belong in cloud hosting rather than loading in the browser.
GeoTIFF is not ECW (different compression, proprietary ecosystem) or vector data. Related to raster and orthophoto: each pixel has values, not object IDs. Float GeoTIFF is often elevation or model output.
For web performance large GeoTIFFs are often tiled (COG, WMTS); the source file remains GeoTIFF for archiving and analysis.
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